It’s almost summer! While it’s the perfect time to replenish our levels of vitamin D by basking in the sunlight, we should remember to take care of our skin. 

Our team of dermatologists came up with a comprehensive guide to a summer skincare routine that is friendly to those with no prior knowledge of what skincare is all about. Our guide also has tips for those of you out there who may have such skin conditions as rosacea, hyperpigmentation, melasma, and acne.

Common Skin Problems during the Summer

To begin with, let’s take a look at the most common skin problems that summer has in store for us:

Eczema

For many, summer means lounging by the pool or frolicking in the salty waves of the ocean. However, while the cool water provides relief from the scorching heat, it can wreak havoc on sensitive skin, particularly for those prone to eczema. Chlorinated pool water and seawater have a notorious reputation for stripping the skin of its natural oils, leading to dryness, irritation, and triggering eczema flare-ups. 

Skin Irritations

As spring transitions into summer, the air becomes heavy with the scent of blooming flowers and freshly cut grass. While the vibrant colors may delight the senses, they can spell trouble for allergy sufferers. Pollen, mold spores, and other allergens may trigger allergic reactions that can lead to itchy and irritated skin.

Acne

While winter often causes dry, flaky skin, summer presents the opposite challenge: excessive oil production. The combination of heat, humidity, and sweat can lead to clogged pores and increased sebum production, paving the way for acne breakouts and blemishes.

Risk of Skin Cancer

As we bask in the sun's warm embrace, it's important to remember the hidden dangers lurking within its rays. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases the risk of skin cancer.

How to Choose and Use Sunscreens

When selecting a sunscreen, you might wonder what UVA, UVB, and SPF stand for. 

What Are UVA and UVB?

UVA and UVB are both types of ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun. While they may sound similar, they have different properties and effects on the skin.

• UVA (Ultraviolet A): UVA rays have longer wavelengths and penetrate deeper into the skin compared to UVB rays. They are responsible for causing premature aging, such as wrinkles and age spots, and can also contribute to the development of skin cancer. UVA rays are present throughout the day and can penetrate glass, making them a constant threat even when indoors.
• UVB (Ultraviolet B): UVB rays have shorter wavelengths and primarily affect the outer layers of the skin. According to dermatologists, UVB rays are the main cause of sunburn. They are also dangerous because they play a key role in the development of skin cancer. UVB radiation is most intense during the midday and summer months.

What Is SPF?

SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. It measures a sunscreen's ability to protect the skin from UVB rays. Contrary to popular belief, SPF does not indicate the level of protection against UVA rays.

The SPF number on sunscreen labels indicates how long it would take for UVB rays to redden the skin when using the sunscreen compared to not using any sunscreen at all. For example, if it takes 10 minutes for your unprotected skin to start turning red, using sunscreen with SPF 30 would theoretically extend that time to 300 minutes (10 minutes x SPF 30). 

However, this is not an exact science, as factors like sweating, swimming, and towel drying can reduce the effectiveness of sunscreen. So, remember to reapply the sunscreen every two hours or after engaging in water-related activities.

Different Types of Sunscreen Formulas

Broadly categorized into chemical and physical formulations, each type offers distinct mechanisms of protection:

Chemical Sunscreens

Chemical sunscreens contain active ingredients like oxybenzone and octinoxate. These compounds absorb UV radiation before it penetrates the skin. Upon application, the chemical ingredients undergo a chemical reaction, converting UV rays into harmless heat, which is then released from the skin. Some of the chemical ingredients include the following:

• Oxybenzone: This chemical is effective against both UVA and UVB rays. It's commonly used in sunscreens due to its ability to provide broad-spectrum protection.
• Octinoxate (Octyl methoxycinnamate): Primarily protects against UVB rays and is often combined with other chemical filters to achieve broader protection.

Chemical sunscreens are favored for their lightweight texture and ease of application. They tend to be more transparent on the skin, making them suitable for everyday wear. However, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain chemical filters.

Physical Sunscreens

Physical sunscreens, also known as mineral or inorganic sunscreens, rely on active ingredients like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Instead of being absorbed into the skin, these ingredients sit on top of the skin's surface and create a physical barrier that reflects and scatters UV radiation away from the skin. Typical ingredients in physical sunscreens include the following:

• Titanium Dioxide: Effective at blocking both UVA and UVB rays, titanium dioxide is a mineral that provides broad-spectrum protection. It's known for its gentle nature, which makes it suitable for sensitive skin types.
• Zinc Oxide: Like titanium dioxide, zinc oxide offers broad-spectrum protection against UVA and UVB rays. It's known for its anti-inflammatory properties and is often recommended for individuals with sensitive or acne-prone skin.

Physical sunscreens are popular for their excellent broad-spectrum protection and suitability for sensitive skin. In contrast to chemical sunscreens, physical sunscreens are less likely to cause skin irritation or allergic reactions. Additionally, physical sunscreens are considered reef-safe, as they do not contain chemicals known to harm coral reefs.

What Sunscreen to Choose

Dermatologists recommend that you choose a broad-spectrum formula that protects against both UVA and UVB radiation. 

Look for ingredients like avobenzone, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, or Mexoryl SX, which offer UVA protection. Additionally, ensure the product has at least an SPF of 30.

Dermatologists also recommend opting for a sunscreen that has a combination of physical and chemical blocking components.

Sunscreen Application Tips

For optimal protection, apply sunscreen at least 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure. By doing so, you will give the sunscreen plenty of time to fully absorb into the skin and form a protective barrier.

Tips for Those with Hyperpigmentation or Melasma

When selecting a sunscreen that is friendly for hyperpigmentation or melasma, you should opt for formulations that contain iron oxide. This is a key ingredient in all tinted sunscreens. 

Iron oxide plays a role in blocking blue light, which is known to exacerbate hyperpigmentation. Mineral sunscreens infused with iron oxide are particularly recommended for preventing hyperpigmentation, as they not only shield against UV rays but also offer protection against visible light. 

Visible light exposure can worsen hyperpigmentation, especially in individuals with darker skin tones. Therefore, prioritizing sunscreens with iron oxide can help mitigate this risk and maintain healthier skin.

How to Transition to Summer Skincare

If you do not have a skincare routine established, it’s worth having a brief overview of the basics:

What Does a Standard Skincare Routine Consist of?

As a rule of thumb, you want to have the following four products in your bathroom cabinet: a cleanser, toner (optional), serum, and moisturizer. 

Cleanser

The cleanser removes dirt, oil, makeup, and other impurities that accumulate on the skin throughout the day. However, not all cleansers are created equal. The right formula cleanses your skin without stripping away essential, healthy oils. Look for gentle cleansers that maintain the skin’s natural pH balance, leaving it clean and refreshed.

Toner (If You Choose)

Applying a toner helps to remove any leftover traces of dirt or makeup while also balancing your skin’s pH levels. Moreover, toners can be a good way to incorporate specific ingredients that may not be present in your other products, such as hydrating hyaluronic acid or soothing botanical extracts. Think of toner as an extra layer of skin replenishment, preparing your skin for the next steps in your routine.

Serum

Serums are packed with active ingredients that help address various skin problems. Whether you’re battling dark spots, fine lines, or dullness, there’s a serum out there tailored to your needs. Serums penetrate deeply into the skin, delivering antioxidants and vitamins.

Moisturizer

Last but certainly not least, moisturizer seals in all the goodness from your previous skincare steps. The primary function of a moisturizer is to hydrate and soften the skin, preventing water loss and maintaining a healthy moisture barrier. Moisturizers work by replenishing the skin’s natural oils and moisture, keeping it supple and smooth. They also help to support the skin’s protective barrier, enhancing its ability to defend against environmental stressors and irritants.

Don’t Change Ingredients, Change the Method of Delivery

When it comes to transitioning your skincare routine from winter to summer, we have the following advice. Maintaining effective ingredients is key. Focus on changing the vehicle or delivery method to suit the changing seasons. 

For instance, if a rich, moisturizing cream was your go-to during the dry winter months, consider switching to a lighter gel or serum moisturizer for the summer. This adjustment ensures hydration without the heaviness typical of winter creams. 

Opting for a moisturizing sunscreen can also provide lightweight protection against summer rays, completing a skincare regimen tailored for the warmer months.

At Pine Belt Dermatology, our experienced dermatologists are ready to help you take care of your skin during summer. Don’t hesitate to reach out to us to schedule an appointment!